I’ve known about Philip K. Dick’s classic sci-fi novel The Man in the High Castle
for many years, but never got around to reading it before. Philip K.
Dick (1928-82) is now considered one of the leading figures of 20th
century SF, though in his lifetime he was more highly regarded in
Europe than in his native America. Somehow, whenever I picked this book
up in a shop, it never cried out for me to read it.
Then recently I was thinking about works of fiction in which the I
Ching, the Chinese Book of Changes, features. I could think readily of
Hermann Hesse’s The Glass Bead Game, and Philip Pullman’s The Subtle Knife;
then more recently it crops up in Neal Stephenson’s Baroque Cycle,
where, however, it is not used as an oracle, but as the key to a cypher
in the encrypted correspondence between Leibniz and Eliza. It also
features prominently in Dick’s novel, where many of the characters use
it as an oracle, often basing all their decisions on its guidance.
The Man in the High Castle is set in an alternate world in
which the Allies lost the Second World War, and the whole world is
controlled by Germany and Japan. By 1962, the former United States is
divided into three zones in which the independent Rocky Mountain States
form a buffer zone between the Pacific States of America, controlled by
Japan, and the German-controlled eastern states. The central action of
the book concerns not the major historical events of this scenario, but
a number of ordinary people trying to live their ordinary lives against
this background. The Japanese influence, which is treated throughout
the book as far more humane than that of the paranoid and internecine
regime of Nazi Germany, has introduced the I Ching to an enormous
population, to the extent that it has become a scripture and a guide to
many, and particularly the central characters of this novel.
But whereas I find Hesse’s use of it in The Glass Bead Game
attractive and inviting curiosity, Dick’s book doesn’t have that
effect. The guidance of the oracle in this novel is just as enigmatic,
confusing and irrelevant as it is if you turn to the text of the I
Ching itself. It has just the same feel as those Christians who try to
use the Book of Revelation, or Daniel and the Old Testament prophets,
to provide a detailed road map of future events. (What you might call
the Old Moore’s Almanac school of biblical scholarship.)
In the novel, the eponymous man in the High Castle is an author who
has written a novel set in an alternate universe, in which the Second
World War was not won by Germany and Japan, but by the Allies. In the
last chapter it turns out that he did not so much write this novel, The Grasshopper Lies Heavy,
but have it written by the I Ching. Every setting, character, plot
development, was decided by tossing coins and consulting the oracle. (I
wonder whether that was how Philip Dick wrote TMITHC? It’s conceivable,
given the ambiguity of parts of this plot…) When they ask the oracle,
Why did you write this novel? it answers that the alternative world of the Grasshopper is in fact the real world. The world of the characters in the story is not the real world. Which leaves them - where, exactly?
This Alice-in-Wonderland idea is more than a little bit too hokey
for me, and may be why I’m picky about what SF and fantasy I read.